Last reviewed: June 1, 2026

2016Science

Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models

Hong S, Beja-Glasser VF, Nfonoyim BM, Frouin A, Li S, Ramakrishnan S, et al.

Abstract summary

Demonstrated that C1q and C3 tag synapses for microglial elimination in early Alzheimer's disease mouse models, prior to plaque formation. Blocking C3 with CR3 antagonism reduced synapse loss. Established the complement-microglial pruning axis as a driver of early synaptic loss in AD.

Evidence labels

human tissueanimal model

Targets

Diseases

  • Alzheimer's disease

Species

mouse, human

Methods

immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, synaptic puncta analysis, genetic knockouts

Therapeutic relevance

Provided rationale for complement inhibition strategies targeting microglial pruning in early AD.

Last reviewed: June 1, 2026