Last reviewed: June 1, 2026

2016Nature

Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4

Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N, et al.

Abstract summary

Demonstrated that elevated C4A expression from specific structural genomic variants drives excess synaptic pruning through C3 deposition and microglial complement receptor-mediated elimination. Identified a mechanism linking complement-mediated synaptic pruning to schizophrenia risk. Microglia are the effector cells mediating complement-dependent synapse elimination.

Evidence labels

human geneticsanimal model

Targets

Diseases

  • Brain aging

Species

human, mouse

Methods

genome-wide association study, mouse genetics, immunohistochemistry

Therapeutic relevance

Established complement-mediated synaptic pruning as a druggable mechanism with relevance beyond Alzheimer's disease to psychiatric disorders.

Last reviewed: June 1, 2026